Which hormones, besides erythropoietin, stimulate erythropoiesis?

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Multiple Choice

Which hormones, besides erythropoietin, stimulate erythropoiesis?

Erythropoiesis is driven mainly by erythropoietin, but several other hormones can enhance red cell production. Testosterone increases erythropoiesis by both promoting erythroid progenitor growth and boosting the effects of erythropoietin, which helps explain higher red cell mass in males and in states with elevated androgens. Growth hormone supports hematopoiesis by acting on erythroid progenitors and by increasing the overall responsiveness of the marrow to erythropoietic signals. Prolactin also contributes to erythropoiesis, exerting direct effects on erythroid precursors and acting synergistically with erythropoietin to promote red cell formation. Other hormones listed are not established primary stimulators of erythropoiesis in the same way; they don’t reliably enhance red cell production to the same extent as the trio above.

Erythropoiesis is driven mainly by erythropoietin, but several other hormones can enhance red cell production. Testosterone increases erythropoiesis by both promoting erythroid progenitor growth and boosting the effects of erythropoietin, which helps explain higher red cell mass in males and in states with elevated androgens. Growth hormone supports hematopoiesis by acting on erythroid progenitors and by increasing the overall responsiveness of the marrow to erythropoietic signals. Prolactin also contributes to erythropoiesis, exerting direct effects on erythroid precursors and acting synergistically with erythropoietin to promote red cell formation.

Other hormones listed are not established primary stimulators of erythropoiesis in the same way; they don’t reliably enhance red cell production to the same extent as the trio above.

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